Types of irrigation methods in agriculture with there efficiency

 Irrigation is the artificial application of water to crops to support growth, especially in areas with insufficient rainfall. Various irrigation methods are used in agriculture, depending on factors like water availability, soil type, and crop requirements. Here are the main types:

1. Surface Irrigation

Water is distributed over the soil surface by gravity.

Common types: Flood irrigation, Furrow irrigation, Basin irrigation.

Pros: Low cost, simple to implement.

Cons: High water wastage, risk of soil erosion and salinity.

2. Drip Irrigation (Micro-Irrigation)

Water is delivered directly to the roots through pipes or tubes with emitters.

Pros: Saves water, reduces weed growth, and enhances efficiency.

Cons: High initial cost, requires regular maintenance.

3. Sprinkler Irrigation

Water is sprayed over crops using pipes and rotating nozzles.

Types: Center pivot, lateral move, hand-move sprinklers.

Pros: Even water distribution, suitable for undulating land.

Cons: Water loss due to evaporation and wind drift.

4. Subsurface Irrigation

Water is applied underground through a network of pipes.

Pros: Reduces evaporation losses, efficient water use.

Cons: Expensive installation, requires proper soil conditions.

5. Manual Irrigation

Water is applied manually using buckets or watering cans.

Pros: Low-cost and simple.

Cons: Labor-intensive and inefficient for large farms.

6. Localized Irrigation

Water is supplied only to a specific area near plant roots.

Examples: Bubbler irrigation, Soaker hoses.

Pros: Water-efficient, minimizes runoff.

Cons: High initial investment.

7. Lateral Move Irrigation

A pipeline with sprinklers moves laterally across the field.

Pros: Suitable for large areas, uniform distribution.

Cons: High energy and equipment costs.

Each method has its advantages and limitations, and the best choice depends on factors like climate, soil type, crop needs, and available water resources.

Efficiency of irrigation methods:-

Conclusion 

A scheme irrigation efficiency of 50-60% is good; 40% is reasonable, while a scheme Irrigation efficiency of 20-30% is poor