Dairy farming in malwa region (punjab)

       

                DAIRY FARMING

INTRODUCTION

Traditionally, milk production in India has been closely integrated with crop production. However, environmental problems escalate with the scale and intensity of operations, ranging from the least worrisome in traditional systems to highly threatening in large-scale farms. The pollution problem in rural areas is internalized, as the small amount of manure produced is used as fuel or organic fertilizer to improve the soil for crop and fodder cultivation. In the commercial production system, a large amount of waste is generated, which needs to be treated before its disposal or use. Doing so requires not only careful planning but also large capital investments to create the infrastructure for waste treatment and its economic disposal. The establishment of large commercial dairy farms in urban areas may create some social problems. The growth stimulus coming from the strong demand for livestock products is not transmitted to the rural areas, where it could encourage rural development, more equitable distribution of income, and poverty alleviation. Small producers find it difficult to compete with large commercial units due to policy distortions. Milk production in rural areas generates supplementary income and employment opportunities, which are adversely affected by the growth of commercial dairy farms.

Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product.

Status of dairy farming in india

·        The total livestock population consisting of Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep, Goat, pig, Horses & Ponies, Mules, Donkeys, Camels in the country is 512.05 million numbers in 2012. The total livestock population has decreased by about 3.33% over the previous census.

·        Livestock population has increased substantially in Gujarat (15.36%), Uttar Pradesh (14.01%), Assam (10.77%), Punjab (9.57%) Bihar (8.56%); Sikkim (7.96%), Meghalaya (7.41%), and Chhattisgarh (4.34%).

·        The number of milch animals (in-milk and dry), cows and buffaloes, has increased from 111.09 million to 118.59 million, an increase of 6.75%.

·        The number of animals in milk, cows and buffaloes, has increased from 77.04 million to 80.52 million showing a growth of 4.51%.

·         The Female Cattle (Cows) Population has increased by 6.52% over the previous census (2007) and the total number of female cattle in 2012 is 122.9 million numbers.

·         The Female Buffalo population has increased by 7.99% over the previous census and the total number of female buffalo is 92.5 million numbers in 2012.

·        The exotic/crossbred milch cattle increased from 14.4 million to 19.42 million, an increase of 34.78%.

·        Indigenous milch cattle increased from 48.04 million to 48.12 million, an increase of 0.17%.

·        The milch buffaloes increased from 48.64 million to 51.05 million with an increase of 4.95% over previous census.

Dairy farms

A farm devoted chiefly to the production of milk and the manufacture of butter and cheese

Types of farmers

Sr. No.	Category of Farmer	Level of predevelopment return to resources	Beneficiary's Contribution
(a)	Small Farmers	Up to Rs.11000	5%
(b)	Medium Farmers	Rs.11001 - Rs.19250	10%
(c)	Large Farmers	Above Rs. 19251	15%`

REGION- MALWA (Punjab)

Malwa region includes following districts:

·        Barnala

·        Faridkot

·        Bhatinda

·        Firozpur

·        Ludhiana

·        Moga

·        Fatehgarh Sahib

·         Mansa

·         Shri  Muktsar  Sahib

·        Sangrur

·        Patiala

·        Few parts of Ropar

·        Fazilka

Status of dairy farming in malwa region

1. MILK POPULATION DISTRICT WISE

	INDEGENOUS CATTLE(‘000)		CROSSBRED CATTLE(‘000)			BUFFALO(‘000)
DISTRICTS	2011-12	2012-13		2011-12	2012-13		2011-12	2012-13
Barnala	5	4		9	9		65	63
Faridkot	5	4		16	17		54	55
Bathinda	11	8		25	24		100	97
Ferozepur	23	18		57	59		165	171
Ludhiana	8	9		76	78		207	216
Moga	6	6		29	29		96	97
Fatehgarh sahib	1	2		24	26		61	63
Mansa	8	5		13	11		90	91
Shri Muktsar sahib	9	8		29	29		50	46
Sangrur	15	10		30	29		198	197
Patiala	9	7		34	35		137	143

2.   Milk  yield district wise :

	INDEGENOUS CATTLE(Kg/day)		CROSSBRED CATTLE(Kg/day)			BUFFALO(Kg/day)
DISTRICTS	2011-12	2012-13		2011-12	2012-13		2011-12	2012-13
Barnala	6.977	6.505		11.597	11.676		9.280	9.302
Faridkot	6.243	6.528		10.437	10.468		8.566	8.448
Bathinda	6.669	6.572		11.766	12.094		9.274	8.985
Ferozepur	5.983	6.048		10.840	10.754		7.953	8.326
Ludhiana	6.693	6.778		13.011	13.153		7.889	8.364
Moga	6.606	6.631		10.606	10.607		8.783	8.853
Fatehgarh sahib	6.699	6.665		10.283	10.369		8.134	8.011
Mansa	7.043	6.648		10.460	10.917		8.181	8.347
Shri Muktsar sahib	7.152	6.379		13.520	12.397		10.373	9.681
Sangrur	6.742	6.718		11.597	11.224		8.676	8.765
Patiala	6.859	6.661		10.820	11.166		8.316	8.457

Successful farmers in Malwa region

3. Financial Assistance Available from Banks/NABARD for Dairy Farming

1. NABARD is an apex institution for all matters relating to policy, planning and operation in the field of agricultural credit. It serves as an apex refinancing agency for the institutions providing investment and production credit. It promotes development through formulation and appraisal of projects through a well organised Technical Services Department at the Head Office and Technical Cells at each of the Regional Offices.

2. Loan from banks with refinance facility from NABARD is available for starting dairy farming. For obtaining bank loan, the farmers should apply to the nearest branch of a commercial or co-operative Bank in their area in the prescribed application form which is available in the branches of financing banks. The Technical Officer attached to or the Manager of the bank can help/give guidance to the farmers in preparing the  project report to obtain bank loan.

3        For dairy schemes with very large outlays, detailed reports will have to be prepared. The items of finance would include capital asset items such as purchase of milch animals, construction of sheds, purchase of equipments etc. The feeding cost during the initial period of one/two months is capitalised and given as term loan. Facilities such as cost of land development, fencing, digging of well, commissioning of diesel engine/pumpset, electricity connections, essential servants' quarters, godown, transport vehicle, milk processing facilities etc. can be considered for loan. Cost of land is not considered for loan. However, if land is purchased for setting up a dairy farm, its cost can be treated as party's margin upto 10% of the total cost of project.

Scheme  Formulation  for  bank  loan.

 1. A Scheme can be prepared by a beneficiary after consulting local technical persons of State animal husbandry department, DRDA, SLPP etc., dairy co-operative society/union/federation/commercial dairy farmers. If possible, the beneficiaries should also visit progressive dairy farmers and government/military/agricultural university dairy farm in the vicinity and discuss the profitability of dairy farming. A good practical training and experience in dairy farming will be highly desirable. The dairy co-operative societies established in the villages as a result of efforts by the Dairy Development Department of State Government and National Dairy Development Board would provide all supporting facilities particularly marketing of fluid milk. Nearness of dairy farm to such a society, veterinary aid centre, artificial insemination centre should be ensured. There is a good demand for milk, if the dairy farm is located near urban centre.

2. The scheme should include information on land, livestock markets, availability of water, feeds, fodders, veterinary aid, breeding facilities, marketing aspects, training facilities, experience of the farmer and the type of assistance available from State Government, dairy society/union/federation.

3. The scheme should also include information on the number of and types of animals to be purchased, their breeds, production performance, cost and other relevant input and output costs with their description. Based on this, the total cost of the project, margin money to be provided by the beneficiary, requirement of bank loan, estimated annual expenditure, income, profit and loss statement, repayment period, etc. can be worked out.

REFRENCES

·        NDDB-Dairy_Digest_Punjab-17-10-2014

·        Salient Features-19th Livestock Census

·        PunjabGlance2011Complete VD Graphs

·        https://www.google.co.in/search?q=DAIRY+FARMING&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&gws_rd=cr&ei=yvQCWbe9IqHmgAag1rmoDA

·        http://www.husbandrypunjab.org/

·        http://esopb.gov.in/static/PDF/Abstract%202014.pdf